以下安装的是g++-8和Visual Studio Code,此方法适用于Ubuntu 14.04 64位、Ubuntu 16.04 32位/64位、Ubuntu 18.04 (Ubuntu 14.04 32位及以下系统无效)。打开终端并且输入以下命令即可。

安装g++-8

  • 安装software-properties-common:
    1
    sudo apt-get -y install software-properties-common
  • 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):
    1
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
  • 更新软件信息:
    1
    sudo apt-get update
  • 安装g++:
    1
    sudo apt-get -y install g++-8
  • 将g++指向g++-8:
    1
    sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/g++-8 /usr/bin/g++
  • 显示g++版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:
    1
    g++ --version

    安装Visual Studio Code

  • 安装libgconf库:
    1
    sudo apt-get install -y libgconf-2-4
  • 安装git:
    1
    sudo apt-get -y install git
  • 添加PPA到库并更新(会提示按回车继续执行,此时按回车即可):
    1
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/ubuntu-make
  • 更新软件信息:
    1
    sudo apt-get update
  • 安装ubuntu-make:
    1
    sudo apt-get -y install ubuntu-make
  • 通过ubuntu-make安装Visual Studio Code;过程中会询问安装路径,此时不需要修改直接按回车即可;然后会询问是否接受协议,此时输入a然后回车即可:
    1
    sudo umake ide visual-studio-code
  • 创建软链接到程序目录下:
    1
    sudo ln -sf `env | grep ^HOME= | cut -c 6-`/.local/share/umake/ide/visual-studio-code/bin/code /usr/bin/code
  • 创建项目目录:
    1
    mkdir ~/Projects
  • 显示Visual Studio Code版本号,如果正常显示版本号意味着安装成功:
    1
    code --version
  • 运行VS Code:
    1
    code
  • 安装中文语言包:
    1.按下键盘Ctrl+Shift+X
    2.在输入框里输入Chinese
    3.按下中文(简体)后面的install
    4.安装完后按下Ctrl+Shift+P打开命令面板
    5.输入config后选择配置语言命令
    6.选择Configure Display Language
    7.将”locale”:”en”改成”locale”: “zh-cn”,然后按下键盘Ctrl+S保存源文件
    8.关闭VS Code


    创建第一个C++项目(以下步骤除非有特殊说明,否则每次创建项目都要执行一次):

  • 创建项目目录cppdemo,用于学习创建第一个C++项目,并进入cppdemo目录中:
    1
    mkdir ~/Projects/cppdemo && cd ~/Projects/cppdemo
  • 创建配置目录:
    1
    mkdir ./.vscode
  • 添加编译配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    cat > .vscode/tasks.json << EOF
    {
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
    {
    "label": "build",
    "type": "shell",
    "command": "g++",
    "args": [
    "-std=c++17",
    "-Wall",
    "-Wextra",
    "-g",
    "-ggdb",
    "mycpp.cpp",
    "-o",
    "demoapp.out"
    ],
    "group": "build",
    "presentation": {
    "reveal": "always",
    },
    "problemMatcher": "\$gcc"
    }
    ]
    }
    EOF
  • 添加运行配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    cat > .vscode/launch.json << EOF
    {
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
    {
    "name": "(gdb) Launch",
    "type": "cppdbg",
    "request": "launch",
    "program": "\${workspaceFolder}/demoapp.out",
    "args": [],
    "stopAtEntry": false,
    "cwd": "\${workspaceFolder}",
    "environment": [],
    "externalConsole": true,
    "MIMode": "gdb",
    "setupCommands": [
    {
    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
    "ignoreFailures": true
    }
    ],
    "preLaunchTask": "build"
    }
    ]
    }
    EOF
  • 添加智能提示配置文件(输入以下内容然后按回车):
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75
    76
    77
    78
    79
    if [ `getconf LONG_BIT` -eq "64" ]; then
    cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
    {
    "configurations": [
    {
    "name": "Linux",
    "includePath": [
    "/usr/include/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
    "/usr/local/include",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
    "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
    "/usr/include",
    "${workspaceRoot}"
    ],
    "defines": [],
    "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
    "browse": {
    "path": [
    "/usr/include/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include",
    "/usr/local/include",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
    "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu",
    "/usr/include",
    "${workspaceRoot}"
    ],
    "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
    "databaseFilename": ""
    }
    }
    ],
    "version": 3
    }
    EOF
    else
    cat > .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json << EOF
    {
    "configurations": [
    {
    "name": "Linux",
    "includePath": [
    "/usr/include/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
    "/usr/local/include",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
    "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
    "/usr/include",
    "${workspaceRoot}"
    ],
    "defines": [],
    "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
    "browse": {
    "path": [
    "/usr/include/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/c++/8",
    "/usr/include/c++/8/backward",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include",
    "/usr/local/include",
    "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed",
    "/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu",
    "/usr/include",
    "${workspaceRoot}"
    ],
    "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
    "databaseFilename": ""
    }
    }
    ],
    "version": 3
    }
    EOF
    fi
  • 创建C++源文件mycpp.cpp(代码就是写在这个文件):
    1
    touch mycpp.cpp
  • 用Visual Studio Code打开当前工作环境(不要忽略最后的点哟):
    1
    code .
  • 双击mycpp.cpp打开文件,第一次会提示安装C++插件,点击安装,然后等待右下角消息安装完成(只需执行一次,以后都不需要再执行)。
  • 双击打开mycpp.cpp,然后输入以下代码:
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    #include <iostream>

    int main(void)
    {
    std::cout << "小古银的C++教程" << std::endl;
    return 0;
    }
  • 按下Ctrl+Shift+B,然后选择build,就会开始编译。
  • 编译完后,在终端窗口按回车键关闭终端。
  • 点击菜单栏中的终端,然后点击新建终端,就会打开终端窗口。
  • 然后在终端输入以下内容,就会运行程序:
    1
    ./demoapp.out
  • 运行程序将会显示小古银的C++教程。

    此时,第一个项目,也就是第一个程序就完成了。